不应妖魔化中国
Why the west should not demonise China
By Minxin Pei
如今,中国与“自信”几乎成了同义词。一提到“中央王国”,西方媒体就都没有一句好话。中国仍坚持低估人民币,以获取不公平的贸易优势;在领土纠纷问题上恫吓邻国;完全不采取任何举措,以钳制危险的朝鲜政权,而且尽管朝鲜的挑衅行为逐渐升级(包括此次炮击韩国),中国仍继续向其提供大量援助。
Nowadays China and “assertiveness” have become practically synonymous. The portrayal of the Middle Kingdom in the western press is uniformly unflattering. It is maintaining an undervalued currency to gain unfair trade advantages; it is bullying its neighbours in territorial disputes; it is doing nothing to rein in the dangerous North Korean regime and, despite its escalating aggression (including the latest artillery attacks on South Korea), continues to pump aid into Pyongyang.
但在中国国内,民众对中国政府对外政策的看法几乎截然相反。大多数普通民众认为,中国政府还不够自信,中国领导人太软弱,而西方对中国的批评都是不公平且虚伪的。
Within China, however, popular perception of Beijing’s international behaviour is almost the exact opposite. Most ordinary people believe the Chinese government is, if anything, not assertive enough. They see their leaders as spineless and western criticisms of Chinese behaviour as unfair and hypocritical.
以两个广受关注的问题为例:有关中国汇率政策的较量,以及中日围绕东海有争议岛屿的纠纷。中国国内的主流民意是,美国将其自己的经济问题归咎于中国、并威逼中国做出政策改变是不公平的,那只会既伤害中国经济,又无法提振美国的增长。至于中日领土争端,大多数中国人认为,西方一直在不公平地偏袒日本。
Take, for example, two well-publicised issues: the tussle over China’s exchange rate policy and the Sino- Japanese row over disputed islands in the East China Sea. The predominant perception within China is that America is unfairly blaming China for its own economic woes and bullying China to adopt a policy change that would only hurt the Chinese economy without reviving America’s growth. In the case of the Sino-Japanese dispute, most Chinese believe the west has unfairly sided with Japan.
这种分歧并非第一次出现。但以往很少碰到西方人对中国国际立场的看法与中国人自己的看法如此截然相对的情况。最明显的原因是中国国内民族主义的不断抬头,政府支持的爱国主义教育、以及共产党对媒体的控制(使媒体不能对中国与西方的争议进行客观报道和分析)对此起到了推动作用。尽管大多数普通中国民众并不相信官方媒体对国内事件的报道,但他们更容易相信政府对于中国在海外行为的说法。具有讽刺意味的是,中国政府所推行的战略似乎是要完成不可能的任务:强化自己的民族主义资历,同时维持一种灵活的外交政策。一方面,执政的共产党急于证明,自己使中国成为一个受尊重的世界强国。另一方面,中国领导人希望坚持务实的外交政策,避免与西方发生代价高昂且不必要的冲突。这一战略的内在矛盾令其越来越站不住脚。
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